Peer Reviewed Publications

 

  • A. V. Oza, R. E. Johnson, C. A. Schmidt, W. Calvin (2025) Plasma and Thermal Processing Leading to Spatial and Temporal Variability of the Trapped O2 at Europa and Ganymede, Astrobiology, under review


  • P. R. Lierle, E. Lovett, C. Schmidt, A. Merkel (2025) Characterizing Dynamical Processes in Surface-Bound Exospheres Via Resolved Sodium D Emissions, Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences, under review


  • P. R. Lierle and C. Schmidt (2025) Sodium and Potassium Linewidths as an Atmospheric Escape Diagnostic at Mercury, Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, under review


  • Z. Milby, K. de Kleer, C. Schmidt (2025) Electron Properties in Io's Ionosphere and Exosphere Revealed through Optical Auroral Emissions, Planetary Science Journal, under review


  • A. V. Oza, A. Gebek, M. Meyer zu Westram, A. Tokadjian, A. Piro, R. Hu, A. Unni, R. Chari, Aaron Bello-Arufe, C. Schmidt, A. Louca, Y. Miguel, R. Estrela, J. Yang, M. Damiano, Y. Hasegawa, L. Welbanks, D. Powell, Y. K. Yung (2025) Volcanic Satellites Tidally Venting Na, K, SO2 in Optical and Infrared Light, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, under review


  • I. de Pater, D. F. Strobel, A. G. Davies, J. Saur, L. Roth, K. de Kleer, E. Lellouch, Z. Milby, C. Schmidt, T. Fouchet, M. H. Wong, L. N. Fletcher, J. Harkett, M. Roman, R. J. Cartwright, J. E. Perry, J. Renaud-Kim, C. Jordan, S. Schlegel, D. A. Williams, D. M. Nelson (2025) First Detection of [S I] in Near-IR JWST Observations of Io in Eclipse, and Comparison with SO Emissions, Evolving Volcanic Eruptions, and prior UV HST-STIS [S I] emissions. Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, under review


  • A. Unni, A. V. Oza, S. Thirupathi, H. J. Hoeijmakers, J. V. Seidel, C. A. Schmidt, K. de Kleer, A. D. Baker, B. Manjunath, A. Gebek and M. Meyer zu Westram (2025) Doppler Shifted Transient Sodium Detection by KECK/HIRES, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, under review


  • K. Roberts, L. Moore, J. O'Donoghue, H. Melin, T. Stallard, K. Knowles, C. Schmidt (2025) Spatiotemporal Variations of Temperature in Jupiter's Upper Atmosphere. Planetary Science Journal, https://doi.org/10.3847/PSJ/adc09b under review


  • C. Nixon and 38 co-authors including C. Schmidt (2025). Titan's Atmosphere in Late Northern Summer from JWST and Keck Observations, Nature Astronomy, in press


  • L. Roth, A. Blöcker, K. de Kleer, D. Goldstein, E. Lellouch, J. Saur, C. Schmidt, D.F. Strobel, C. Tao, F. Tsuchiya, V. Dols, H. Huybrighs, A. Mura, J. R. Szalay, S. V. Badman, I. de Pater, A.-C. Dott, M. Kagitani, L. Klaiber, R. Koga, A. McEwen, Z. Milby, K. D. Retherford, S. Schlegel, N. Thomas, W. L. Tseng, A. Vorburger (2025) Mass Supply from Io to Jupiter's magnetosphere. Space Science Reviews, 221, 13, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-025-01137-x


  • C. Gray, K. Peter, M. Pältzold, S. Tellmann, T. Nordheim, C. Schmidt, N Chanover and P. Withers (2025) Venus' O 5577Å Oxygen Green Line: A Global Difuse Proton-induced Aurora. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, V130 (2), https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JA032851


  • E. G. Nerney, F. Bagenal, C. Schmidt (2024) Simulations of Optical Emissions in Io's Plasma Torus. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, V130 (1), https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JA033232


  • C. Schmidt (2024) On the Implications of Ground-Based High-Definition Imaging of Io's Surface. Geophysical Research Letters, V51, 21, e2024GL112169, https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL112169


  • A. V. Oza, J. V. Seidel, H. J. Hoeijmakers, A. Unni, A. Y. Kesseli, C. Schmidt, S. Thirupathi, A. Gebek, M. Meyer zu Westram, S. Sousa, A. Bello-Arufe, R. Lopes, R. Hu, C. Fisher, S. Charnoz, A. D. Baker, S. P. Halverson, K. de Kleer, N. Schneider, A. Psaridi, M. Lendl, A. Wyttenbach, I. Bhatnagar and R. E. Johnson (2024) Redshifted Sodium Transient Near Exoplanet Transit, Astrophysical Journal Letters, https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad6b29


  • M. Yoneda, F. Tsuchiya, C. Schmidt, M. Kagitani and T. Sakanoi (2024) Major Brightening Events in Jupiter's Sodium Nebula during Juno era. Icarus, V425, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2024.116301


  • Z. Milby, K. de Kleer, C. Schmidt, and F. Leblanc (2024) Short-Timescale Spatial Variability of Ganymede's Optical Aurora. Planetary Science Journal, Planetary Science Journal, 5, 153, https://doi.org/10.3847/PSJ/ad49a2


  • J. P. Morgenthaler, J. Rathbun, C. Schmidt, J. Baumgardner and N. Schneider (2024) Erratum: 'Large Volcanic Event on Io Inferred from Jovian Sodium Nebula Brightening' (ApJL 871:L23), Astrophysical Journal Letters, 966 (2), L40, https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad4497


  • J. P. Morgenthaler, C. A. Schmidt, N. M. Schneider, M. Marconi and M. F. Vogt (2024) Jovian sodium nebula and Io plasma torus S+ and brightnesses 2017 - 2023: insights into volcanic vs. sublimation supply. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 129, 3, https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JA032081


  • P. Lierle, C. Schmidt, J. Baumgardner, L. Moore and E. Lovett (2023) The Rapid Imaging Planetary Spectrograph. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 135, 1051, https://doi.org/10.1088/1538-3873/acec9f


  • D. Bhattacharyya, J. T. Clarke, M. Mayyasi, V. Shematovich, D. Bisikalo, J. Y. Chaufray, E. Thiemann, J. Halekas, C. Schmidt, J. L. Bertaux, M. S. Chaffin, and N. M. Schneider (2023) Evidence of Hot Hydrogen in the Exosphere of Mars Resulting in Enhanced Water Loss. Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, Vol. 128, 8, e2023JE007801, https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JE007801


  • Q. Zhang, K. Battams, Q. Ye, M. Knight and C. Schmidt (2023) Sodium Brightening of (3200) Phaethon Near Perihelion, The Planetary Science Journal, Vol. 4, 70, https://doi.org/10.3847/PSJ/acc866


  • K. de Kleer, Z. Milby. C. Schmidt, M. Camarca, and M. Brown (2023) The Optical and Near-Infrared Aurorae of Europa, Ganymede and Callisto. The Planetary Science Journal, Vol. 4, 37, https://doi.org/10.3847/PSJ/acb53c


  • C. Schmidt, M. Sharov, K. de Kleer, N. Schneider, I. de Pater, P.H. Phipps, A. Conrad, L. Moore, P. Withers, J. Spencer, J. Morgenthaler, I. Ilyin, K. Strassmeier, C. Veillet, J. Hill, and M. Brown (2023) Io's Optical Aurorae in Jupiter's Shadow. The Planetary Science Journal, Vol. 4, 36, https://doi.org/10.3847/PSJ/ac85b0


  • P. R. Lierle, C. Schmidt, J. Baumgardner, L. Moore, T. Bida and R. Swindle (2022) The Spatial Distribution and Temperature of Mercury's Potassium Exosphere. The Planetary Science Journal, Vol. 3, 87, https://doi.org/10.3847/PSJ/ac5c4d


  • C. Schmidt (2022) Doppler-Shifted Alkali D Absorption as Indirect Evidence for Exo-moons. Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences, Vol. 9, 801873 https://doi.org/10.3389/fspas.2022.801873


  • C. Schmidt and J. Baumgardner (2022) Lunar Atmosphere, Alkali Lunar Exosphere in Encyclopedia of Lunar Science, Editors B. Cudnik and C. Ahrens, Springer https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05546-6_230-1


  • F. Leblanc, C. Schmidt, V. Mangano, A. Mura, G. Cremonese, J. M. Raines, J.M. Jasinski, M. Sarantos, A. Milillo, R.M. Killen, S. Massetti, T. Cassidy, R.J. Vervack Jr., S. Kameda, M.T. Capria, M. Horanyi, D. Janches, A. Berezhnoy, A. Christou, T. Hirai, P. Lierle, J. Morgenthaler (2022) Comparative Na and K Mercury and Moon exospheres. Space Science Reviews, 218, 2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-022-00871-w


  • A. L. E. Werner, S. Aizawa, F. Leblanc, J. Y. Chaufray, R. Modolo, J. M. Raines, W. Exner, U. Motschmann and C. Schmidt (2022) Ion density and phase space density distribution of planetary ions Na+, O+ and He+ in Mercury's magnetosphere. Icarus, Vol. 372, 114734 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2021.114734


  • T. A. Cassidy, C. Schmidt, A. Merkel, J. Jasinski and M. Burger (2021) Detection of Large Exospheric Enhancements at Mercury due to Meteoroid Impacts. Planetary Science Journal, V2, 175 https://doi.org/10.3847/PSJ/ac1a19


  • V. Mangano and 61 co-authors including C. Schmidt (2021) BepiColombo science investigations during cruise and fybys at the Earth, Venus and Mercury. Space Science Reviews, 217, 23 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-021-00797-9


  • J. Baumgardner, S. Luettgen, C. Schmidt, M. Mayyasi, S. Smith, C. Martinis, J. Wroten, L. Moore and M. Mendillo (2021) The Moon's Extended Sodium Tail, Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, 126, e2020JE006671 https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JE006671


  • C. Schmidt, J. Baumgardner, L. Moore, T. A. Bida, R. Swindle and P. Lierle (2020) The Rapid Imaging Planetary Spectrograph: Observations of Mercury's Sodium Exosphere in Twilight. The Planetary Science Journal, V1(4) https://doi.org/10.3847/PSJ/ab76c9


  • A. Oza, R.E. Johnson, E. Lellouch, C. Schmidt, N. Schneider, C. Huang, D. Gamborino, A. Gebek, A. Wyttenbach and B-O Demory. (2019) Sodium and Potassium as Remnants of Volcanic Satellites Orbiting Close-in Gas Giant Exoplanets. Astrophysical Journal, V885(2)
    • https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab40cc

  • L. Moore, H. Melin, T. Stallard, J. O'Donoghue, J. Moses, S. Miller and C. Schmidt (2019) Modelling H3+ in Planetary Atmospheres: Effects of Vertical Gradients on Observed Quantities. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A, 377. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2019.0067


  • J. Morgenthaler, J. Rathbun, C. Schmidt, J. Baumgardner and N. Schneider (2019) Large Volcanic Event on Io Inferred from Jovian Sodium Nebula Brightening, The Astrophysical Journal Letters, V871(2), article id. L23, 6 pp. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aafdb7


  • R. E. Johnson, A. Oza, F. Leblanc, C. Schmidt, and T. A. Nordheim (2019) The Origin and Fate of O2 in Europa's Ice: An Atmospheric Perspective. Space Science Reviews, Vol. 215 (1), article id. 20 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-019-0582-1


  • A. Oza, F. Leblanc, R. E. Johnson, C. Schmidt, L. Leclercq, T. Cassidy, J.-Y. Chaufray (2019) Dusk Over Dawn O2 Asymmetry in Europa’s Near-Surface Atmosphere. Planetary and Space Science, Volume 167, p. 23-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2019.01.006


  • C. Schmidt, N. Schneider, F. Leblanc, C. Gray, J. Morgenthaler, J. Turner, and C. Grava (2018) A Survey of Visible S+ Emission in Io's Plasma Torus During the Hisaki Epoch. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 123. doi.org/10.1029/2018JA025296 (Also: a link to results from an updated dataset)


  • F. Leblanc, A. Oza, L. Leclercq, C. Schmidt, T. Cassidy, R. Modolo, J.Y. Chaufray, R. E. Johnson (2017) On the Orbital Variability of Ganymede’s Atmosphere. Icarus, Vol. 293, p. 185-198. doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2017.04.025


  • J. D. Turner, D. Christie, P. Arras, R. E. Johnson, C. Schmidt (2016) Investigation of the environment around close-in transiting exoplanets using CLOUDY. Monthly Notices fo the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol 458 (4), p.3880-3891. doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw556


  • C. Schmidt (2016) High Resolution Integral-Field Spectroscopy of Gas and Ion Distributions in the Coma of Comet C/2012 S1 ISON. Icarus, Vol 265, p. 35-41. doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2015.10.009


  • R. E. Johnson, A. Oza, L. A. Young, A. N. Volkov and C. Schmidt (2015) Volatile Loss and Classification of Kuiper Belt Objects. Astrophysical Journal, Volume 809, Issue 1, article id. 43. doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/809/1/43


  • N.-E. Raouafi, C. M. Lisse, G. Stenborg, G. H. Jones, and C. Schmidt (2015) Dynamics of HVECs emitted from comet C/2011 L4 as observed by STEREO. Journal of Geophysical Research, Volume 120, Issue 7, pp. 5329-5340. doi.org/10.1002/2014JA020926


  • C. Schmidt, R.E. Johnson, J. Baumgardner, M. Mendillo (2015) Observations of Sodium in the Coma of Comet C/2012 S1 (ISON) During Outburst. Icarus, Vol 247, p. 313-318. doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2014.10.022


  • C. Schmidt (2013) Monte-Carlo Modeling of North-South Asymmetries in Mercury’s Sodium Exosphere, Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol 118, A50396. doi.org/10.1002/jgra.50396


  • C. Schmidt, J. Baumgardner, M. Mendillo., J. Wilson (2012) Escape rates and variability constraints for high-energy sodium sources at Mercury, Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol 117, A03301. doi.org/10.1029/2011JA017217


  • C. Schmidt, J. Wilson, J. Baumgardner, M. Mendillo (2010) Orbital Effects on Mercury’s Escaping Sodium Exosphere, Icarus, Vol 207, Issue 1, p. 9-16. doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2009.10.017


  • F. Hearty and 11 co-authors including C. Schmidt (2005) Colorado's Near-Infrared Camera (AKA NIC-FPS) Commissioning on the ARC 3.5M Telescope, Proc. SPIE, Vol 5904, p. 199-211. doi.org/10.1117/12.617593